№ 3/2009 год (eng)

PECULIARITIES OF PRETERM INFANTS’ DEVELOPMENT DURING THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE
M. J. Vasilyeva*, A. S. Batuev**, E. A. Vershinina***
*PhD, head of CTSEP laboratory, S.Petersburg State University, S.Petersburg;
**Sc.D. (biology), academician of RAE, head of Scientific Research Center “Psychophysiology of mother and child”, S.Petersburg State University, S.Petersburg;
***Senior research assistant of applied mathematics laboratory, Institute of Physiology of RAS, S.Petersburg.

The results of preterm infants’in the first year of life mental development study are presented. Preterm infants are significantly behind from full-term ones in motor, cognitive; communicative, socio-emotional and total level of development. The regressions for age-equivalent scores demonstrate different developmental rates of preterms, compared with full-terms, in motor, cognitive and total development during the first year of life.

Key words: preterm and full-term infants, mental development, developmental rate.

METHODOLOGICAL POSITIONS OF SUBJECT-OBJECT RELATIONS ANALYSIS IN HIGH TECHNOLOGIES SPHERE
Yu. Ya. Golikov
Sc.D., (psychology), leading research assistant, Psychological Institute of RAS, Moscow

Aspects of the approach of equivalent subject relations and the contents of active strategy of decision of a potentiality problem for man-machine complexes are specified and evolved as a result of consideration of the given objects in the structure of socio-technical associations. Possible variants of methodological positions of the analysis of subject-object relations for socio-technical networks and for new areas of high technologies are proposed. The necessity of interaction integrative kinds’ formation between collective subjects and harmonization of relations between collective subjects and society and nature is postulated.

Key words: high technologies, subject-object relations, subject-subject relations, man-machine complex, socio-technical network, object complexity, subject complexity, potential uncertainty.

ORGANIZATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND REALIZATION OF EMPLOYEE’S LIFE ORIENTATIONS
A. A. Grachev 
PhD, head of organizational psychology chair, Russian State Pedagogical University after A.I. Gerzen, S.Petersburg

The results of application of employee’s life orientations operational model are discussed. Three-components structure of the model including deficient orientation, self-realization orientation and spiritual orientation each of which make corresponding demands to organizational environment is based. Correlation between the level of realization of employee’s life orientations and characteristics of organizational environment is set. The differences between black and white-collar workers in life orientations realization are defined.

Key words: life orientation, organizational environment, organizational designing, deficient orientation, self-realization orientation, spiritual orientation.

psychology OF BIG social groups as collective subjects
A. L. Zhuravlev*, T. P. Emel’yanova**
*Corresponding Member of RAS, Sc.D. (psychology), professor, director of Psychological Institute of RAS, Moscow
**Sc.D. (psychology), Psychological; Institute of RAS, Moscow.

Present-day psychological researchers of big social groups are analyzed; actuality and novelty of their study as collective subjects are based. The main emphasis is made on possibility of big social groups’ study from theoretical grounds of proposed by S.L. Rubinstein subject approach.

The system of factors caused changes in big groups’ subjectity level as well as mechanism of forming of such subject qualities as social initiative and responsibility, high level of self-organization and self-management, skills and experience of coordinated group actions performing are considered. The possibilities of empirical researches while studying the functioning of collective historical memory, collective symbolic coaching, development of civil consciousness and self consciousness are shown. 

Key words: big social group, collective subject, subjectity factors, subject qualities, collective memory, collective coaching, civil consciousness.

THE SYSTEM OF ATTITUDES IN PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY AND TEACHERS’ BURNOUT 
I. A. Kurapova
Post-graduate student, Psychological Institute of RAS, Moscow

Correlation between burnout and teachers’ attitude to pupils and professional activity is studied by the example of secondary schools and institutions of higher education teachers (n = 115) of Ioshkar Ola (republic of Mari El). Factor structure of teachers’ attitude to work is specified and based. Correlation between teachers’ attitude to work and the level of burnout phases’ intensity is revealed. 

Key words: emotional burnout, professional development, teaching, attitudes of a person.

CORRELATION OF EVOKED POTENTIALS INDICES WITH CHARACTERISTICS OF TRAUMATIC STRESS IN COMBATANTS 
M. S. Kurchakova*, N. V. Tarabrina**, M. D. Illarionova***, O. S. Grishkova****
*Junior research assistant, Psychological Institute of RAS, Moscow;
**PhD, head of laboratory of psychology of post-traumatic stress, Psychological Institute of RAS, Moscow;
***Senior physician-psychiatrist, Central military-clinical hospital of internal troops, of MIA, Russia;
****Senior physician-psychiatrist, the same place.

Patterns of local (connected with certain brain regions) indices of evoked potentials at presenting emotionally significant images in combatants (46 males, age 20–50, Me = 28 age) were studied. Local indices of affectivity determined as the degree of similarity in reaction in one or other regions with reactions arising at presenting high and low- emotionally stimuli were analyzed. It is determined that decreasing of indices in the left frontal region and their increasing in the right parietal region at presenting highly significant negative stimuli correlate with defense mechanism “repression” Decreasing of affectivity local indices values in the right parietal region and increasing of these indices in the left frontal region correlate significantly with defense mechanism “denial”. It is shown that certain patterns of local indices of emotional response correspond to such signs of post-traumatic stress as avoidance, intrusion and hyper-excitement.

Key words: emotions, evoked potentials, emotional images, psychic trauma, post-traumatic stress.

PSYCHOSEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF STATE IMAGE: RECONSTRUCTION AND MEASURING
O. V. Mitina*, V. F. Petrenko**
*PhD, assistant professor, leading research asisstant of psychological department, Moscow State University after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow
** Corresponding Member of PAS, Sc.D. (psychology), head of labaratory, Moscow State University after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow

People’s notions about different countries studied by means of psychosemantic procedure are described. The image of a country is interpreted as social stereotype – form of indistinct knowledge in economics, politics, country’s culture, and psychological characteristics of its inhabitants. Procedure allows to operationalize subjective notions about countries, compare the notions of people from one and the same population as well as notions, peculiar to different populations living in one or different countries. The results of several empiric studies carried out with the help of psychosemantic procedure are given. 

Key words: psychosemantic analysis, geopolitical stereotypes, image of a country, analysis of latent variables, factor structure.

CHANGING OF TEMPORAL STRUCTURE OF OPERATOR’S ACTIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF INTENSIFICATION OF THE TRACKING PROCESS 
V. V. Plohih*, A. M. Kernitsky**
*PhD, assistant professor of general and engineering psychology chair, Ukraine engineering-pedagogical academy, Kharkov;
**PhD, senior lecture of psychology and pedagogic chair, Kharkov university of air forces after Ivan Kozhedub, Kharkov

Possibilities of target defeating time reducing by the operator due to providing him with urgent information about timing characteristics of the task are considered. Flying specialties cadets (n = 41) were the sample. The task to defeat a target was realized as a PC program. Positive influence of urgent information presentation about task solving current time deviation from the required (previously determined as minimal possible) for reducing the time of target defeating by the operator is revealed. Correlation between changes in temporal structure of target defeating actions with forming of a new subjective scale of task solving time by operators is revealed.

Key words: temporal structure of action, duration of action, urgent information, operative memory, operator, tracking.

correlation of scholl anxiety with cognitive peculiarities of junior school children 
T. A. Ratanova*, E. V. Likhacheva**
*Sc.D., (psychology), professor, head of psychology chair, MSCU after M.A. Sholokhov, Moscow;
**PhD, assistant professor, MSCU after M.A. Sholokhov, Moscow.

Correlation of school anxiety with cognitive differentiation and intellectual peculiarities  of junior school children (n = 103) was studied. It is determined that more anxious pupils are characterized by poorer school results and lower intelligence, they are more field dependent, their ability to differentiate objects’ properties are less developed in comparison with pupils with low level of school anxiety. Nonverbal substructures of anxious pupils’ intelligence are characterized by a great number of connections and flatness while for less anxious ones – verbal substructures. Cognitive structures of pupils with low anxiety are characterized by more narrow system of stimuli analysis, greater differentiation, isolating and growth of autonomy of substructures responsible for complex information processing in comparison with more anxious pupils. 

Key words: school anxiety, intellect, field-dependence, field-independence, cognitive differentiation, ability to differentiate properties of an object.

ETHNO-FUNCTIONAL ASPECT OF MENTALITY STUDY 
A. V. Sukharev
Sc.D., (psychology), leading research assistant of laboratory of history of psychology and historical psychology, Psychological Institute of RAS, Moscow

Perspectives of application of ethno functional methodology to mentality study are based. Mentality of a person and society is revealed as developing system of images “man – nature – culture – transcendental world” (ethno environments). On the basis of results’ analysis of theoretical and experimental researches the conclusion that violation of ethno-functional development of person’s mentality can result in the rise of different psychopathological and asocial manifestations is made. New research and applied perspectives in mentality development study from the viewpoint of ethno-functional methodology are set. 

Key words: mentality, ethno environment, ethno-functional approach to mentality development.

MORAL STATUS OF PRESENT-DAY RUSSIAN SOCIETY
A. V. Jurevich
ScD (psychology), Corresponding Member of RAS, Sc.D. (psychology), professor, deputy director of Psychological Institute of RAS, Moscow

Statistic data as well as the results of psychological and sociological researches indicating extremely negative moral status of present-day society are given. Reasons of its moral degradation and ways of improving the situation among which: correction of formed in the public opinion understanding of freedom, “externalization of moral” by attaching to basic moral standards status of lows and revival of institutes of moral control are considered. 

Key words: moral, morality, state of society, freedom, control, criminalization, low, brutalization, reforms, economical determinism.